https://northafricaexchange.com/Industry, investment and trade across North Africahttps://northafricaexchange.com/stories/age-dependency-ratios/https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/age-dependency-ratios/In 2025, Algeria and Egypt each had about 58 people aged under 15 or 65 and over per 100 people aged 15 to 64. Morocco and Tunisia had about 51 and 50 respectively.https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/algeria-tourist-border-entries-2024/https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/algeria-tourist-border-entries-2024/Algeria recorded 3.55 million tourist entries in 2024. July was the busiest month overall, but March had the most entries by foreign tourists. Monthly border data explain how foreign visitors and Algerians residing abroad contributed to the national total.https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/annual-consumer-inflation/https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/annual-consumer-inflation/In 2025, annual consumer inflation was 14.07% in Egypt, 5.15% in Tunisia, 1.42% in Algeria and 0.70% in Morocco. All four rates were lower than in 2023, when Egypt’s annual reading reached 33.88%.https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/arable-land-share/https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/arable-land-share/In 2024, 17.84% of Tunisia’s land and 15.84% of Morocco’s was classified as arable. The corresponding figures in Egypt and Algeria were 3.29% and 3.16%.https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/carbon-dioxide-emissions-per-person/https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/carbon-dioxide-emissions-per-person/In 2024, the estimates ranged from 1.84 tonnes of carbon dioxide per person in Morocco to 3.98 in Algeria. All four countries recorded a higher figure than in 1990.https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/cities-by-harmonized-urban-boundary/https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/cities-by-harmonized-urban-boundary/Cairo reached an estimated 25.57 million residents in the UN’s harmonized 2025 city dataset. Alexandria, Casablanca and Luxor followed among cities in the four countries covered here. The estimates refer to continuous dense urban centres, which can extend across municipal lines.https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/container-port-traffic/https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/container-port-traffic/Morocco’s recorded container port traffic increased from 2.95 million TEU in 2010 to 11.79 million in 2024. Egypt grew from 6.72 million to 8.58 million over the same period.https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/current-health-spending-share-of-gdp/https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/current-health-spending-share-of-gdp/Tunisia’s current health spending rose from 4.81% of GDP in 2000 to 7.99% in 2023. Morocco moved from 3.69% to 6.06%, while Egypt was close to 4.9% in both years.https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/drinking-water-rural-coverage/https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/drinking-water-rural-coverage/Rural coverage in Morocco rose from 26.67% in 2000 to 80.63% in 2024, the largest increase among the four countries in this comparison. In 2024 the rural estimate was 92.89% in Tunisia and 96.27% in Egypt.https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/dry-grain-cereal-harvest-volumes/https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/dry-grain-cereal-harvest-volumes/Egypt produced 24.002 million tonnes of dry cereal grain in 2024. Morocco’s harvest fell from 5.626 million to 3.205 million tonnes in a year, while Algeria and Tunisia recovered from lower 2023 volumes.https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/employer-share-of-employment-by-sex/https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/employer-share-of-employment-by-sex/In the 2025 ILO estimates, employers accounted for 3.31% of employed women and 4.87% of employed men in Morocco. Tunisia recorded 3.22% and 8.48%. The figures measure workers who employ others within each group.https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/fixed-broadband-subscriptions/https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/fixed-broadband-subscriptions/Tunisia recorded nearly 15 fixed broadband subscriptions per 100 people in 2024, followed by Algeria at 13.32 and Egypt at 11.69. All four countries in the comparison had fewer than one subscription per 100 people in 2005.https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/fixed-investment-share-of-gdp/https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/fixed-investment-share-of-gdp/In 2024, gross fixed capital formation represented 35.20% of GDP in Algeria and 26.46% in Morocco. Tunisia recorded 15.21% and Egypt 11.70%.https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/freshwater-withdrawals-by-sector/https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/freshwater-withdrawals-by-sector/Agriculture accounted for the largest share of recorded freshwater withdrawals in Algeria, Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia in 2022. The share ranged from 67.43% in Algeria to 87.78% in Morocco. The four countries also withdrew markedly different volumes of water.https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/high-technology-share-of-manufactured-exports/https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/high-technology-share-of-manufactured-exports/In 2023, high-technology goods accounted for 7.70% of Tunisia’s manufactured exports, 5.43% of Morocco’s and 3.16% of Egypt’s. The same product classification shows a narrower gap between those three economies than in 2017. Algeria’s available observations end in 2017 in this series.https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/hospital-beds-and-health-workforce-density/https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/hospital-beds-and-health-workforce-density/Tunisia had 1.81 hospital beds and 2.47 nurses and midwives per 1,000 people in the 2017 comparison. All four countries have observations for those two measures that year. Later records exist for some countries, but their reporting dates differ.https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/literacy-at-15-and-over-versus-ages-15-24/https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/literacy-at-15-and-over-versus-ages-15-24/Tunisia’s 2023 literacy estimates were 98.16% for people aged 15 to 24 and 86.25% for everyone aged 15 and over. Egypt’s latest paired figures were for 2022. Older readings for Algeria and Morocco prevent a current four-country ranking.https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/methane-emissions-by-sector/https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/methane-emissions-by-sector/EDGAR estimated that fuel production accounted for roughly two thirds of Algeria’s methane emissions in 2025. Waste was the largest source in Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia. The same inventory makes the sector mix visible across more than five decades.https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/natural-gas-rent-relative-to-gdp/https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/natural-gas-rent-relative-to-gdp/Natural gas rents were estimated at 8.00% of GDP in Algeria and 2.05% in Egypt in 2021, the last common year in the source. The estimates for Tunisia and Morocco were below 0.5%.https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/new-limited-liability-company-registrations/https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/new-limited-liability-company-registrations/Morocco registered 67,138 new limited liability companies in 2024, or 2.662 per 1,000 working-age people. Tunisia registered 1.823 and Algeria 0.829 per 1,000. Egypt’s series in the same workbook ends in 2022.https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/phosphate-rock-mines-and-reserves/https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/phosphate-rock-mines-and-reserves/The US Geological Survey estimated that Morocco produced 36 million tonnes of marketable phosphate rock in 2025. Egypt produced 5.5 million, Tunisia 3.3 million and Algeria 2.0 million.https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/publicly-trusted-certificate-density/https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/publicly-trusted-certificate-density/Tunisia had about 912 publicly trusted TLS certificates per million people in Netcraft’s 2024 survey. Morocco had the largest absolute count of the four countries, at 21,985. The same measurements describe different aspects of public web hosting depending on the denominator.https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/renewable-share-final-energy/https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/renewable-share-final-energy/In 2021, renewables accounted for 11.6% of Tunisia’s final energy use and 10.9% of Morocco’s. Egypt’s share was 6.1% and Algeria’s 0.1%. The comparison covers energy used across the economy, including transport and heat.https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/travel-services-share-of-service-exports/https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/travel-services-share-of-service-exports/In 2025, travel represented 53.53% of service exports in Egypt, 44.41% in Morocco, 25.79% in Tunisia and 3.84% in Algeria. All four ratios were higher than in 2020.https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/upstream-gas-flaring-volume-and-intensity/https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/upstream-gas-flaring-volume-and-intensity/Libya flared an estimated 9.712 billion cubic metres of gas in 2025, up from 8.435 billion in 2024. Algeria flared 8.943 billion cubic metres in 2025 but had the higher rate per barrel of crude oil produced.https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/youth-unemployment-four-economies/https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/youth-unemployment-four-economies/ILO estimates for 2025 put youth unemployment at 38.08% in Tunisia, 29.44% in Algeria, 21.88% in Morocco and 18.29% in Egypt. The denominator is the labour force aged 15 to 24.https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/manufacturing-share-north-africa/https://northafricaexchange.com/stories/manufacturing-share-north-africa/Manufacturing accounted for 15.3% of Morocco’s GDP in 2024, 14.8% in Tunisia, 13.9% in Egypt and 9.5% in Algeria, according to World Bank data.